blomquist



l. V. BLOMQUIST. ART OF PRODUCING STEAM OF HIGH PRESSURE. APPLICATIONFILED DEC.2B. 1914.

Patented J mm 24, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES A TTOQNE Y J. V. BLOMQUIST. ART OF PRODUCING STEAM OF HIGHPRESSURE.

APPLHIATION HLED DEC. 23. 1914 1,307,612. Patentsd June 24, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. Z 592 INVENTOR WITNESSES: a a 74 z f ATTORNEY UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHAN VIKTOR BLOMQUI'ST, OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN.

ART OF PRODUCING STEAM OF HIGH PRESSURE.

Application filed December 28, 1914.

lb u/l (I /mm it may concern lie it known that l, JOIIAN ViK'ron BLoM-(nus'r, a subject of the King of Sweden, and a resident of Stockholm,Sweden, have 111- vented certain new and useful Improve ments in the Artof Producing Steam of lligh Pressure for Power and Heating Pnrposes, ofwhich the following is a specilication.

To procure a positive reliability of service it is necessary not toexpose the direct heating surface of a boi er to so high a temperaturethat the material is damaged. The higher the pressure of the steam, themore attention must he paid to this cirrusnstanrc. The greater thestrain on the grate, i. 6., the more coal that burnt on the grate, thehigher the temperature in the firebox. The temperature of the flue gasesmay be calculated from the following equation:

in which 8 indicates the weight in kilograms of fuel holding W caloriesper kg. and square meter of the grate surface a: the e'liivieney of thecombustion; Q the weight of the flue gases generated by the ombustion;cp their specific heat, t the temperature of the admitted air, and t thetemperature of the flue gases.

The equation is true, irrespective of eventually ensuing dissociation,if the firebox is surrounded by walls entirely impervious to heat. If a.body permeable to heat is introduced in the firebox, it will radiatenegat ve heat that reduces the temperature, and then the temperature ofthe firebox may be calculated from the following equation:

wherein 2, indicates the outer temperature of the body introduced, and8:the constant of radiation which in steam boilers:&, and f: the size ofthe radiating surface in square meters.

From this it is evident that the larger the reflecting surface, thelower the temperature of the flue gases or the firebox will be. Thus, byrightly proportioning the direct heat sur face in a. boiler, thetemperature of the fire box may be determined at will in advance.

In a water tubular boiler, the reflecting surface is not much largerthan the grate Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 21, 1919.

Serial No. 879,397.

surface. when the projcrtion of the direct heating surface is of thesame size as the latter one. A cyliiulrical boiler is more advantageousin this respect, and the reflecting surface may be still more enlargedby putting the same in rotation.

If the axis of the boiler is horizontal and the projection of the boileron a horizontal plane is of the same size as the grate surface, thereflecting surface will be 1: times larger than the grate sin-face, andthis will bring the advantage that the grate surface might be strainedto an essential degree without the boiler plate being injured. Thereflecting surface may be still more increased by placing sereral suchrotating cylinders in the same firebox, and by this arrangement it willbe possible in advance, at will. to determine the iel'nperature of thefirebox at a certain quantity of heat developed on the grate. It isevident that the grate surface at a certain outside temperature of therotating cylinders may be exposed to a greater strain the more cylindersare placed in the firebox.

However, the mean temperature of the cylinders is also dependent on thevelocity of the transference of heat from the boiler shell to the water.If the water is in a boil ing condition the co-eflicient oftransference. of heat from the plate to the water amounts to about10,000 calories per square meter, degree of diiference of temperatureand per hour, while on the other hand, when the water is not boiling,the transference of heat is considerably inferior, that is to say, theplate must be hotter to transfer a certain quantity of heat in thelatter case than in the former. Therefore the water ought to be broughtinto a boiler if possible in a boiling state, so that the boiler platemay be protected against too high a temperature.

The drawings represent a convenient apparatus for carrying out thisprocess of generating steam, wherein Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectionof the steam generator, and Fig. 2 is a cross section of the same.

The direct heating surface consists, as shown, of rotating cylinders 1.In the boiler hown are three such cylinders provided. Their number isfixed with regard to the highest temperature wanted in the firebox. Thecylinders rotate preferably with so great velocity that. the water,which is admitted into them continuously, disperses all along thecircumference. Thus, the central parts of the cylinders constitute thesteam space. After the flue gases have passed the direct heatingsurface, they contain still a considerable quantity of heat, which isutilized through a fixed heating surface, in the drawing shown as awater tubular boiler 2.

The object of my invention is to provide a method and means that may beused for \cry high pressures, though it may also be used for ordinarysteam pressures. Steam generators hitherto known for generating steam ofhigh pressure are all water tube boilers with tubes of very smalldiameter. Thus the direct heating surface is very small so that thetemperature of the firebox at only a slight strain of the grate surfacebecomes very high. When the water in such a tube evaporates, the volumeof the steam is much greater than the Water and the mixture of steam andwater has a very low ca pability of absorl'iing beat compared withboiling Water, from which the steam lllllj bles canrscape freely. Thusthe smaller the area of the pipe, the sooner the pipe will be overheatedand burst. By this invention the direct surface always is covered by alayer of boiling Water, and by using a suit able number of rotatingvessels the tempera ture of the firebox may be determined beforehand sothat nooverheating of the material can take place.

The relation between the rotating and the fixed heating surface ought tobe calculated so that the water in the fixed heating surface is heatedto the same or a higher temperature than the temperature of saturatedsteam generated in the rotating heating surface. This latter steam maythen be admitted into the smoke passages of the fixed heating surfaceand there be superheated in a special snperheater t from which it istaken out for use.

I claim 1. The art of producing steam of high prcssure for power andheating purposes which consists in feedin a continuous supply of Wateraxially to a hollow rotary tightly closed cylinder, subjecting saidWater to a centrifugal force which distributes it in an annular layeraround the peripheral interior of said cylinder by rapid rotationthereof, subjecting said layer to a furnace heat imparted by conductionthrough the Wall of said cylin der, the steam generated thereby beinginclosed under high pressure within said cylinder and surrounded by thecentrifugally and continuously formed water layer, and Withdrawing steamat high pressure from the central zone of said cylinder.

2. The art of producing steam of high pressure for power and heatingpurposes which consists in subjecting feed water to a heating operation,feeding a continuous supply of so heated feed Water to a hollow rotarytightly closed cylinder, subjecting said water to a centrifugal forceWhich distributes it in an annular layer around the peripheral interiorof said cylinder by rapid rotation thereof, subjecting said layer to a.furnace heat imparted by conduction through the wall of said cylinder,the steam generated thereby being inclosed under high pressure Withinsaid cylinder and surrounded by the contrifugally and continuouslyformed water layer, and witl'uilrawing steam at high pressure from thecentral zone of said cylinder.

3. The art of producing steam of high pressure for power and heatingpurposes which consists in feeding a continuous supply of Water axiallyto a hollow rotary tightly closed cylinder, subjectii'ig said water to acentrifugal force which distributes it in an annular layer around theperipheral interior of said cylinder by rapid rotation there of,subjecting said layer to a furnace heat im 'iarted by conduction throughthe Wall of said cylinder, the steam generated thereby being inclosedunder high pressure Within said cylinder and surrounded by the corntrifugally and continuously formed water layer, and witlnlrawing steamat high pressure from the central zone of said cylinder and subjectingit to a superheating operation.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signedmy name in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

JOHAN VIKTOR BLOMQUIST.

Witnesses:

ELIU GLAHMAN,

S. W. HYPoK.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0."

